Patent, Copyright, & Trademark
In simple terms, intellectual property is a product of the human intellect that has commercial value. Intellectual property encompasses a wide range of creations—from fiction, poetry, songs, designs and artwork to ads, product names, mechanical inventions, processes, chemical formulas, machines and software. The commercial value of intellectual property comes from the ability of its owner to control its use. If the owner could not legally require payment in exchange for use, ownership of the intellectual property would have intellectual worth but no commercial value. Intellectual property law is an umbrella term for all the statutes, government regulations and court decisions that together determine who owns intellectual property and what rights go along with that ownership. In addition, intellectual property law specifies: which is the condition under which intellectual property rights may be sold or loaned (licensed) to others for specific purposes, how to settle contract disputes that arise from marketing intellectual property, and how to take advantage of government procedures and programs that establish or enhance protection of intellectual property rights. Intellectual property law primarily offers protection to the owner of intellectual property by giving the owner the right to file a lawsuit asking a court to enforce whatever rights are being transgressed. As a result, some experts describe intellectual property laws as “Affirmative rights” rather than as “protection”. The sources of intellectual property laws vary according to the subject matter. Trade secret law derives both from federal and state legislation, and from court cases that have developed their own set of principles used to decide new trade secret cases that come before them (termed the “common law”). Trademark and unfair competition laws originate primarily in both federal and state statutes, but also, especially in the area of unfair competition, come from court decisions that apply principles developed by earlier courts as part of the common law.
http://rapidshare.de/files/22844930/Elias___Stim_-_Patent_Copyright_And_Trademark_6th_Ed__Nolo_2003__4AH.chm 6
Risk Management & Capital Adequacy
Risk management became a hot topic for many institutions, as a means of increasing shareholder value and demonstrating the willingness and capability of top management to handle this issue. In most financial organizations, risk management is mainly understood as the job area of the chief risk officer and is limited, for the most part, to market risks. The credit risk officer usually takes care of credit risk issues. Both areas are supervised at the board level by separate competence and reporting lines and separate directives. This book presents an inventory of the different approaches to market, credit and, operational risk. The following chapters provide an in-depth analysis of how the different risk areas diverge regarding methodologies, assumptions, and conditions. The book also discusses how the different approaches can be identified and measured, and how their various parts contribute to the discipline of risk management as a whole. The closing chapter provides case studies showing the relevance of the different risk categories and discusses the “crash-testing” of regulatory rules through their application to various crises and accidents. The objective of this book is to demonstrate the extent to which these risk areas can be combined from a management standpoint, and to which some of the methodologies and approaches are or are not reasonable for economic, regulatory, or other purposes.
http://rapidshare.de/files/22845561/Gallati_-_Risk_Management_And_Capital_Adequacy__McGraw_Hill_2003__4AH.pdf 3
In simple terms, intellectual property is a product of the human intellect that has commercial value. Intellectual property encompasses a wide range of creations—from fiction, poetry, songs, designs and artwork to ads, product names, mechanical inventions, processes, chemical formulas, machines and software. The commercial value of intellectual property comes from the ability of its owner to control its use. If the owner could not legally require payment in exchange for use, ownership of the intellectual property would have intellectual worth but no commercial value. Intellectual property law is an umbrella term for all the statutes, government regulations and court decisions that together determine who owns intellectual property and what rights go along with that ownership. In addition, intellectual property law specifies: which is the condition under which intellectual property rights may be sold or loaned (licensed) to others for specific purposes, how to settle contract disputes that arise from marketing intellectual property, and how to take advantage of government procedures and programs that establish or enhance protection of intellectual property rights. Intellectual property law primarily offers protection to the owner of intellectual property by giving the owner the right to file a lawsuit asking a court to enforce whatever rights are being transgressed. As a result, some experts describe intellectual property laws as “Affirmative rights” rather than as “protection”. The sources of intellectual property laws vary according to the subject matter. Trade secret law derives both from federal and state legislation, and from court cases that have developed their own set of principles used to decide new trade secret cases that come before them (termed the “common law”). Trademark and unfair competition laws originate primarily in both federal and state statutes, but also, especially in the area of unfair competition, come from court decisions that apply principles developed by earlier courts as part of the common law.
http://rapidshare.de/files/22844930/Elias___Stim_-_Patent_Copyright_And_Trademark_6th_Ed__Nolo_2003__4AH.chm 6
Risk Management & Capital Adequacy
Risk management became a hot topic for many institutions, as a means of increasing shareholder value and demonstrating the willingness and capability of top management to handle this issue. In most financial organizations, risk management is mainly understood as the job area of the chief risk officer and is limited, for the most part, to market risks. The credit risk officer usually takes care of credit risk issues. Both areas are supervised at the board level by separate competence and reporting lines and separate directives. This book presents an inventory of the different approaches to market, credit and, operational risk. The following chapters provide an in-depth analysis of how the different risk areas diverge regarding methodologies, assumptions, and conditions. The book also discusses how the different approaches can be identified and measured, and how their various parts contribute to the discipline of risk management as a whole. The closing chapter provides case studies showing the relevance of the different risk categories and discusses the “crash-testing” of regulatory rules through their application to various crises and accidents. The objective of this book is to demonstrate the extent to which these risk areas can be combined from a management standpoint, and to which some of the methodologies and approaches are or are not reasonable for economic, regulatory, or other purposes.
http://rapidshare.de/files/22845561/Gallati_-_Risk_Management_And_Capital_Adequacy__McGraw_Hill_2003__4AH.pdf 3
